dir.c

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/**********************************************************************

  dir.c -

  $Author$
  created at: Wed Jan  5 09:51:01 JST 1994

  Copyright (C) 1993-2007 Yukihiro Matsumoto
  Copyright (C) 2000  Network Applied Communication Laboratory, Inc.
  Copyright (C) 2000  Information-technology Promotion Agency, Japan

**********************************************************************/

#include "internal.h"
#include "encindex.h"
#include "ruby/thread.h"

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>

#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
#include <unistd.h>
#endif

#ifndef USE_OPENDIR_AT
# if defined(HAVE_FDOPENDIR) && defined(HAVE_DIRFD) && \
    defined(HAVE_OPENAT) && defined(HAVE_FSTATAT)
#   define USE_OPENDIR_AT 1
# else
#   define USE_OPENDIR_AT 0
# endif
#endif
#if USE_OPENDIR_AT
# include <fcntl.h>
#endif
#ifndef AT_FDCWD
# define AT_FDCWD -1
#endif

#undef HAVE_DIRENT_NAMLEN
#if defined HAVE_DIRENT_H && !defined _WIN32
# include <dirent.h>
# define NAMLEN(dirent) strlen((dirent)->d_name)
#elif defined HAVE_DIRECT_H && !defined _WIN32
# include <direct.h>
# define NAMLEN(dirent) strlen((dirent)->d_name)
#else
# define dirent direct
# define NAMLEN(dirent) (dirent)->d_namlen
# define HAVE_DIRENT_NAMLEN 1
# if HAVE_SYS_NDIR_H
#  include <sys/ndir.h>
# endif
# if HAVE_SYS_DIR_H
#  include <sys/dir.h>
# endif
# if HAVE_NDIR_H
#  include <ndir.h>
# endif
# ifdef _WIN32
#  include "win32/dir.h"
# endif
#endif
#if defined(__native_client__) && defined(NACL_NEWLIB)
# include "nacl/dirent.h"
# include "nacl/stat.h"
#endif

#include <errno.h>

#ifndef HAVE_STDLIB_H
char *getenv();
#endif

#ifndef HAVE_STRING_H
char *strchr(char*,char);
#endif

#include <ctype.h>

#include "ruby/util.h"

/* define system APIs */
#ifdef _WIN32
#undef chdir
#define chdir(p) rb_w32_uchdir(p)
#undef mkdir
#define mkdir(p, m) rb_w32_umkdir((p), (m))
#undef rmdir
#define rmdir(p) rb_w32_urmdir(p)
#undef opendir
#define opendir(p) rb_w32_uopendir(p)
#define ruby_getcwd() rb_w32_ugetcwd(NULL, 0)
#define IS_WIN32 1
#else
#define IS_WIN32 0
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_SYS_ATTR_H
#include <sys/attr.h>
#endif

#define USE_NAME_ON_FS_REAL_BASENAME 1  /* platform dependent APIs to
                                         * get real basenames */
#define USE_NAME_ON_FS_BY_FNMATCH 2     /* select the matching
                                         * basename by fnmatch */

#ifdef HAVE_GETATTRLIST
# define USE_NAME_ON_FS USE_NAME_ON_FS_REAL_BASENAME
# define RUP32(size) ((size)+3/4)
# define SIZEUP32(type) RUP32(sizeof(type))
#elif defined _WIN32
# define USE_NAME_ON_FS USE_NAME_ON_FS_REAL_BASENAME
#elif defined DOSISH
# define USE_NAME_ON_FS USE_NAME_ON_FS_BY_FNMATCH
#else
# define USE_NAME_ON_FS 0
#endif

#ifdef __APPLE__
# define NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH 1
#else
# define NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH 0
#endif

#if NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <sys/mount.h>
#include <sys/vnode.h>

# if defined HAVE_FGETATTRLIST || !defined HAVE_GETATTRLIST
#   define need_normalization(dirp, path) need_normalization(dirp)
# else
#   define need_normalization(dirp, path) need_normalization(path)
# endif
static inline int
need_normalization(DIR *dirp, const char *path)
{
# if defined HAVE_FGETATTRLIST || defined HAVE_GETATTRLIST
    u_int32_t attrbuf[SIZEUP32(fsobj_tag_t)];
    struct attrlist al = {ATTR_BIT_MAP_COUNT, 0, ATTR_CMN_OBJTAG,};
#   if defined HAVE_FGETATTRLIST
    int ret = fgetattrlist(dirfd(dirp), &al, attrbuf, sizeof(attrbuf), 0);
#   else
    int ret = getattrlist(path, &al, attrbuf, sizeof(attrbuf), 0);
#   endif
    if (!ret) {
        const fsobj_tag_t *tag = (void *)(attrbuf+1);
        switch (*tag) {
          case VT_HFS:
          case VT_CIFS:
            return TRUE;
        }
    }
# endif
    return FALSE;
}

static inline int
has_nonascii(const char *ptr, size_t len)
{
    while (len > 0) {
        if (!ISASCII(*ptr)) return 1;
        ptr++;
        --len;
    }
    return 0;
}

# define IF_NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH(something) something
#else
# define IF_NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH(something) /* nothing */
#endif

#ifndef IFTODT
# define IFTODT(m)      (((m) & S_IFMT) / ((~S_IFMT & S_IFMT-1) + 1))
#endif

typedef enum {
#ifdef DT_UNKNOWN
    path_exist     = DT_UNKNOWN,
    path_directory = DT_DIR,
    path_regular   = DT_REG,
    path_symlink   = DT_LNK,
#else
    path_exist,
    path_directory = IFTODT(S_IFDIR),
    path_regular   = IFTODT(S_IFREG),
    path_symlink   = IFTODT(S_IFLNK),
#endif
    path_noent = -1,
    path_unknown = -2
} rb_pathtype_t;

#define FNM_NOESCAPE    0x01
#define FNM_PATHNAME    0x02
#define FNM_DOTMATCH    0x04
#define FNM_CASEFOLD    0x08
#define FNM_EXTGLOB     0x10
#if CASEFOLD_FILESYSTEM
#define FNM_SYSCASE     FNM_CASEFOLD
#else
#define FNM_SYSCASE     0
#endif
#if _WIN32
#define FNM_SHORTNAME   0x20
#else
#define FNM_SHORTNAME   0
#endif

#define FNM_NOMATCH     1
#define FNM_ERROR       2

# define Next(p, e, enc) ((p)+ rb_enc_mbclen((p), (e), (enc)))
# define Inc(p, e, enc) ((p) = Next((p), (e), (enc)))

static char *
bracket(
    const char *p, /* pattern (next to '[') */
    const char *pend,
    const char *s, /* string */
    const char *send,
    int flags,
    rb_encoding *enc)
{
    const int nocase = flags & FNM_CASEFOLD;
    const int escape = !(flags & FNM_NOESCAPE);
    unsigned int c1, c2;
    int r;
    int ok = 0, not = 0;

    if (p >= pend) return NULL;
    if (*p == '!' || *p == '^') {
        not = 1;
        p++;
    }

    while (*p != ']') {
        const char *t1 = p;
        if (escape && *t1 == '\\')
            t1++;
        if (!*t1)
            return NULL;
        p = t1 + (r = rb_enc_mbclen(t1, pend, enc));
        if (p >= pend) return NULL;
        if (p[0] == '-' && p[1] != ']') {
            const char *t2 = p + 1;
            int r2;
            if (escape && *t2 == '\\')
                t2++;
            if (!*t2)
                return NULL;
            p = t2 + (r2 = rb_enc_mbclen(t2, pend, enc));
            if (ok) continue;
            if ((r <= (send-s) && memcmp(t1, s, r) == 0) ||
                (r2 <= (send-s) && memcmp(t2, s, r2) == 0)) {
                ok = 1;
                continue;
            }
            c1 = rb_enc_codepoint(s, send, enc);
            if (nocase) c1 = rb_enc_toupper(c1, enc);
            c2 = rb_enc_codepoint(t1, pend, enc);
            if (nocase) c2 = rb_enc_toupper(c2, enc);
            if (c1 < c2) continue;
            c2 = rb_enc_codepoint(t2, pend, enc);
            if (nocase) c2 = rb_enc_toupper(c2, enc);
            if (c1 > c2) continue;
        }
        else {
            if (ok) continue;
            if (r <= (send-s) && memcmp(t1, s, r) == 0) {
                ok = 1;
                continue;
            }
            if (!nocase) continue;
            c1 = rb_enc_toupper(rb_enc_codepoint(s, send, enc), enc);
            c2 = rb_enc_toupper(rb_enc_codepoint(p, pend, enc), enc);
            if (c1 != c2) continue;
        }
        ok = 1;
    }

    return ok == not ? NULL : (char *)p + 1;
}

/* If FNM_PATHNAME is set, only path element will be matched. (up to '/' or '\0')
   Otherwise, entire string will be matched.
   End marker itself won't be compared.
   And if function succeeds, *pcur reaches end marker.
*/
#define UNESCAPE(p) (escape && *(p) == '\\' ? (p) + 1 : (p))
#define ISEND(p) (!*(p) || (pathname && *(p) == '/'))
#define RETURN(val) return *pcur = p, *scur = s, (val);

static int
fnmatch_helper(
    const char **pcur, /* pattern */
    const char **scur, /* string */
    int flags,
    rb_encoding *enc)
{
    const int period = !(flags & FNM_DOTMATCH);
    const int pathname = flags & FNM_PATHNAME;
    const int escape = !(flags & FNM_NOESCAPE);
    const int nocase = flags & FNM_CASEFOLD;

    const char *ptmp = 0;
    const char *stmp = 0;

    const char *p = *pcur;
    const char *pend = p + strlen(p);
    const char *s = *scur;
    const char *send = s + strlen(s);

    int r;

    if (period && *s == '.' && *UNESCAPE(p) != '.') /* leading period */
        RETURN(FNM_NOMATCH);

    while (1) {
        switch (*p) {
          case '*':
            do { p++; } while (*p == '*');
            if (ISEND(UNESCAPE(p))) {
                p = UNESCAPE(p);
                RETURN(0);
            }
            if (ISEND(s))
                RETURN(FNM_NOMATCH);
            ptmp = p;
            stmp = s;
            continue;

          case '?':
            if (ISEND(s))
                RETURN(FNM_NOMATCH);
            p++;
            Inc(s, send, enc);
            continue;

          case '[': {
            const char *t;
            if (ISEND(s))
                RETURN(FNM_NOMATCH);
            if ((t = bracket(p + 1, pend, s, send, flags, enc)) != 0) {
                p = t;
                Inc(s, send, enc);
                continue;
            }
            goto failed;
          }
        }

        /* ordinary */
        p = UNESCAPE(p);
        if (ISEND(s))
            RETURN(ISEND(p) ? 0 : FNM_NOMATCH);
        if (ISEND(p))
            goto failed;
        r = rb_enc_precise_mbclen(p, pend, enc);
        if (!MBCLEN_CHARFOUND_P(r))
            goto failed;
        if (r <= (send-s) && memcmp(p, s, r) == 0) {
            p += r;
            s += r;
            continue;
        }
        if (!nocase) goto failed;
        if (rb_enc_toupper(rb_enc_codepoint(p, pend, enc), enc) !=
            rb_enc_toupper(rb_enc_codepoint(s, send, enc), enc))
            goto failed;
        p += r;
        Inc(s, send, enc);
        continue;

      failed: /* try next '*' position */
        if (ptmp && stmp) {
            p = ptmp;
            Inc(stmp, send, enc); /* !ISEND(*stmp) */
            s = stmp;
            continue;
        }
        RETURN(FNM_NOMATCH);
    }
}

static int
fnmatch(
    const char *pattern,
    rb_encoding *enc,
    const char *string,
    int flags)
{
    const char *p = pattern;
    const char *s = string;
    const char *send = s + strlen(string);
    const int period = !(flags & FNM_DOTMATCH);
    const int pathname = flags & FNM_PATHNAME;

    const char *ptmp = 0;
    const char *stmp = 0;

    if (pathname) {
        while (1) {
            if (p[0] == '*' && p[1] == '*' && p[2] == '/') {
                do { p += 3; } while (p[0] == '*' && p[1] == '*' && p[2] == '/');
                ptmp = p;
                stmp = s;
            }
            if (fnmatch_helper(&p, &s, flags, enc) == 0) {
                while (*s && *s != '/') Inc(s, send, enc);
                if (*p && *s) {
                    p++;
                    s++;
                    continue;
                }
                if (!*p && !*s)
                    return 0;
            }
            /* failed : try next recursion */
            if (ptmp && stmp && !(period && *stmp == '.')) {
                while (*stmp && *stmp != '/') Inc(stmp, send, enc);
                if (*stmp) {
                    p = ptmp;
                    stmp++;
                    s = stmp;
                    continue;
                }
            }
            return FNM_NOMATCH;
        }
    }
    else
        return fnmatch_helper(&p, &s, flags, enc);
}

VALUE rb_cDir;

struct dir_data {
    DIR *dir;
    const VALUE path;
    rb_encoding *enc;
};

static void
dir_mark(void *ptr)
{
    struct dir_data *dir = ptr;
    rb_gc_mark(dir->path);
}

static void
dir_free(void *ptr)
{
    struct dir_data *dir = ptr;

    if (dir->dir) closedir(dir->dir);
    xfree(dir);
}

static size_t
dir_memsize(const void *ptr)
{
    return sizeof(struct dir_data);
}

static const rb_data_type_t dir_data_type = {
    "dir",
    {dir_mark, dir_free, dir_memsize,},
    0, 0, RUBY_TYPED_WB_PROTECTED | RUBY_TYPED_FREE_IMMEDIATELY
};

static VALUE dir_close(VALUE);

#define GlobPathValue(str, safe) \
    /* can contain null bytes as separators */  \
    (!RB_TYPE_P((str), T_STRING) ?              \
     (void)FilePathValue(str) :                 \
     (void)(check_safe_glob((str), (safe)),             \
      check_glob_encoding(str), (str)))
#define check_safe_glob(str, safe) ((safe) ? rb_check_safe_obj(str) : (void)0)
#define check_glob_encoding(str) rb_enc_check((str), rb_enc_from_encoding(rb_usascii_encoding()))

static VALUE
dir_s_alloc(VALUE klass)
{
    struct dir_data *dirp;
    VALUE obj = TypedData_Make_Struct(klass, struct dir_data, &dir_data_type, dirp);

    dirp->dir = NULL;
    RB_OBJ_WRITE(obj, &dirp->path, Qnil);
    dirp->enc = NULL;

    return obj;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     Dir.new( string ) -> aDir
 *     Dir.new( string, encoding: enc ) -> aDir
 *
 *  Returns a new directory object for the named directory.
 *
 *  The optional <i>encoding</i> keyword argument specifies the encoding of the directory.
 *  If not specified, the filesystem encoding is used.
 */
static VALUE
dir_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE dir)
{
    struct dir_data *dp;
    rb_encoding  *fsenc;
    VALUE dirname, opt, orig;
    static ID keyword_ids[1];
    const char *path;

    if (!keyword_ids[0]) {
        keyword_ids[0] = rb_id_encoding();
    }

    fsenc = rb_filesystem_encoding();

    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "1:", &dirname, &opt);

    if (!NIL_P(opt)) {
        VALUE enc;
        rb_get_kwargs(opt, keyword_ids, 0, 1, &enc);
        if (enc != Qundef && !NIL_P(enc)) {
            fsenc = rb_to_encoding(enc);
        }
    }

    GlobPathValue(dirname, FALSE);
    orig = rb_str_dup_frozen(dirname);
    dirname = rb_str_encode_ospath(dirname);
    dirname = rb_str_dup_frozen(dirname);

    TypedData_Get_Struct(dir, struct dir_data, &dir_data_type, dp);
    if (dp->dir) closedir(dp->dir);
    dp->dir = NULL;
    RB_OBJ_WRITE(dir, &dp->path, Qnil);
    dp->enc = fsenc;
    path = RSTRING_PTR(dirname);
    dp->dir = opendir(path);
    if (dp->dir == NULL) {
        int e = errno;
        if (rb_gc_for_fd(e)) {
            dp->dir = opendir(path);
        }
#ifdef HAVE_GETATTRLIST
        else if (e == EIO) {
            u_int32_t attrbuf[1];
            struct attrlist al = {ATTR_BIT_MAP_COUNT, 0};
            if (getattrlist(path, &al, attrbuf, sizeof(attrbuf), FSOPT_NOFOLLOW) == 0) {
                dp->dir = opendir(path);
            }
        }
#endif
        if (dp->dir == NULL) {
            RB_GC_GUARD(dirname);
            rb_syserr_fail_path(e, orig);
        }
    }
    RB_OBJ_WRITE(dir, &dp->path, orig);

    return dir;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     Dir.open( string ) -> aDir
 *     Dir.open( string, encoding: enc ) -> aDir
 *     Dir.open( string ) {| aDir | block } -> anObject
 *     Dir.open( string, encoding: enc ) {| aDir | block } -> anObject
 *
 *  The optional <i>encoding</i> keyword argument specifies the encoding of the directory.
 *  If not specified, the filesystem encoding is used.
 *
 *  With no block, <code>open</code> is a synonym for
 *  <code>Dir::new</code>. If a block is present, it is passed
 *  <i>aDir</i> as a parameter. The directory is closed at the end of
 *  the block, and <code>Dir::open</code> returns the value of the
 *  block.
 */
static VALUE
dir_s_open(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE klass)
{
    struct dir_data *dp;
    VALUE dir = TypedData_Make_Struct(klass, struct dir_data, &dir_data_type, dp);

    dir_initialize(argc, argv, dir);
    if (rb_block_given_p()) {
        return rb_ensure(rb_yield, dir, dir_close, dir);
    }

    return dir;
}

static void
dir_closed(void)
{
    rb_raise(rb_eIOError, "closed directory");
}

static struct dir_data *
dir_get(VALUE dir)
{
    rb_check_frozen(dir);
    return rb_check_typeddata(dir, &dir_data_type);
}

static struct dir_data *
dir_check(VALUE dir)
{
    struct dir_data *dirp = dir_get(dir);
    if (!dirp->dir) dir_closed();
    return dirp;
}

#define GetDIR(obj, dirp) ((dirp) = dir_check(obj))


/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     dir.inspect -> string
 *
 *  Return a string describing this Dir object.
 */
static VALUE
dir_inspect(VALUE dir)
{
    struct dir_data *dirp;

    TypedData_Get_Struct(dir, struct dir_data, &dir_data_type, dirp);
    if (!NIL_P(dirp->path)) {
        VALUE str = rb_str_new_cstr("#<");
        rb_str_append(str, rb_class_name(CLASS_OF(dir)));
        rb_str_cat2(str, ":");
        rb_str_append(str, dirp->path);
        rb_str_cat2(str, ">");
        return str;
    }
    return rb_funcallv(dir, rb_intern("to_s"), 0, 0);
}

/* Workaround for Solaris 10 that does not have dirfd.
   Note: Solaris 11 (POSIX.1-2008 compliant) has dirfd(3C).
 */
#if defined(__sun) && !defined(HAVE_DIRFD)
# if defined(HAVE_DIR_D_FD)
#  define dirfd(x) ((x)->d_fd)
#  define HAVE_DIRFD 1
# elif defined(HAVE_DIR_DD_FD)
#  define dirfd(x) ((x)->dd_fd)
#  define HAVE_DIRFD 1
# endif
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_DIRFD
/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     dir.fileno -> integer
 *
 *  Returns the file descriptor used in <em>dir</em>.
 *
 *     d = Dir.new("..")
 *     d.fileno   #=> 8
 *
 *  This method uses dirfd() function defined by POSIX 2008.
 *  NotImplementedError is raised on other platforms, such as Windows,
 *  which doesn't provide the function.
 *
 */
static VALUE
dir_fileno(VALUE dir)
{
    struct dir_data *dirp;
    int fd;

    GetDIR(dir, dirp);
    fd = dirfd(dirp->dir);
    if (fd == -1)
        rb_sys_fail("dirfd");
    return INT2NUM(fd);
}
#else
#define dir_fileno rb_f_notimplement
#endif

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     dir.path -> string or nil
 *     dir.to_path -> string or nil
 *
 *  Returns the path parameter passed to <em>dir</em>'s constructor.
 *
 *     d = Dir.new("..")
 *     d.path   #=> ".."
 */
static VALUE
dir_path(VALUE dir)
{
    struct dir_data *dirp;

    TypedData_Get_Struct(dir, struct dir_data, &dir_data_type, dirp);
    if (NIL_P(dirp->path)) return Qnil;
    return rb_str_dup(dirp->path);
}

#if defined _WIN32
static int
fundamental_encoding_p(rb_encoding *enc)
{
    switch (rb_enc_to_index(enc)) {
      case ENCINDEX_ASCII:
      case ENCINDEX_US_ASCII:
      case ENCINDEX_UTF_8:
        return TRUE;
      default:
        return FALSE;
    }
}
# define READDIR(dir, enc) rb_w32_readdir((dir), (enc))
#else
# define READDIR(dir, enc) readdir((dir))
#endif

/* safe to use without GVL */
static int
to_be_skipped(const struct dirent *dp)
{
    const char *name = dp->d_name;
    if (name[0] != '.') return FALSE;
#ifdef HAVE_DIRENT_NAMLEN
    switch (NAMLEN(dp)) {
      case 2:
        if (name[1] != '.') return FALSE;
      case 1:
        return TRUE;
      default:
        break;
    }
#else
    if (!name[1]) return TRUE;
    if (name[1] != '.') return FALSE;
    if (!name[2]) return TRUE;
#endif
    return FALSE;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     dir.read -> string or nil
 *
 *  Reads the next entry from <em>dir</em> and returns it as a string.
 *  Returns <code>nil</code> at the end of the stream.
 *
 *     d = Dir.new("testdir")
 *     d.read   #=> "."
 *     d.read   #=> ".."
 *     d.read   #=> "config.h"
 */
static VALUE
dir_read(VALUE dir)
{
    struct dir_data *dirp;
    struct dirent *dp;

    GetDIR(dir, dirp);
    errno = 0;
    if ((dp = READDIR(dirp->dir, dirp->enc)) != NULL) {
        return rb_external_str_new_with_enc(dp->d_name, NAMLEN(dp), dirp->enc);
    }
    else {
        int e = errno;
        if (e != 0) rb_syserr_fail(e, 0);
        return Qnil;            /* end of stream */
    }
}

static VALUE dir_each_entry(VALUE, VALUE (*)(VALUE, VALUE), VALUE, int);

static VALUE
dir_yield(VALUE arg, VALUE path)
{
    return rb_yield(path);
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     dir.each { |filename| block }  -> dir
 *     dir.each                       -> an_enumerator
 *
 *  Calls the block once for each entry in this directory, passing the
 *  filename of each entry as a parameter to the block.
 *
 *  If no block is given, an enumerator is returned instead.
 *
 *     d = Dir.new("testdir")
 *     d.each  {|x| puts "Got #{x}" }
 *
 *  <em>produces:</em>
 *
 *     Got .
 *     Got ..
 *     Got config.h
 *     Got main.rb
 */
static VALUE
dir_each(VALUE dir)
{
    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(dir, 0, 0);
    return dir_each_entry(dir, dir_yield, Qnil, FALSE);
}

static VALUE
dir_each_entry(VALUE dir, VALUE (*each)(VALUE, VALUE), VALUE arg, int children_only)
{
    struct dir_data *dirp;
    struct dirent *dp;
    IF_NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH(int norm_p);

    GetDIR(dir, dirp);
    rewinddir(dirp->dir);
    IF_NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH(norm_p = need_normalization(dirp->dir, RSTRING_PTR(dirp->path)));
    while ((dp = READDIR(dirp->dir, dirp->enc)) != NULL) {
        const char *name = dp->d_name;
        size_t namlen = NAMLEN(dp);
        VALUE path;

        if (children_only && name[0] == '.') {
            if (namlen == 1) continue; /* current directory */
            if (namlen == 2 && name[1] == '.') continue; /* parent directory */
        }
#if NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH
        if (norm_p && has_nonascii(name, namlen) &&
            !NIL_P(path = rb_str_normalize_ospath(name, namlen))) {
            path = rb_external_str_with_enc(path, dirp->enc);
        }
        else
#endif
        path = rb_external_str_new_with_enc(name, namlen, dirp->enc);
        (*each)(arg, path);
        if (dirp->dir == NULL) dir_closed();
    }
    return dir;
}

#ifdef HAVE_TELLDIR
/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     dir.pos -> integer
 *     dir.tell -> integer
 *
 *  Returns the current position in <em>dir</em>. See also
 *  <code>Dir#seek</code>.
 *
 *     d = Dir.new("testdir")
 *     d.tell   #=> 0
 *     d.read   #=> "."
 *     d.tell   #=> 12
 */
static VALUE
dir_tell(VALUE dir)
{
    struct dir_data *dirp;
    long pos;

    GetDIR(dir, dirp);
    pos = telldir(dirp->dir);
    return rb_int2inum(pos);
}
#else
#define dir_tell rb_f_notimplement
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_SEEKDIR
/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     dir.seek( integer ) -> dir
 *
 *  Seeks to a particular location in <em>dir</em>. <i>integer</i>
 *  must be a value returned by <code>Dir#tell</code>.
 *
 *     d = Dir.new("testdir")   #=> #<Dir:0x401b3c40>
 *     d.read                   #=> "."
 *     i = d.tell               #=> 12
 *     d.read                   #=> ".."
 *     d.seek(i)                #=> #<Dir:0x401b3c40>
 *     d.read                   #=> ".."
 */
static VALUE
dir_seek(VALUE dir, VALUE pos)
{
    struct dir_data *dirp;
    long p = NUM2LONG(pos);

    GetDIR(dir, dirp);
    seekdir(dirp->dir, p);
    return dir;
}
#else
#define dir_seek rb_f_notimplement
#endif

#ifdef HAVE_SEEKDIR
/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     dir.pos = integer  -> integer
 *
 *  Synonym for <code>Dir#seek</code>, but returns the position
 *  parameter.
 *
 *     d = Dir.new("testdir")   #=> #<Dir:0x401b3c40>
 *     d.read                   #=> "."
 *     i = d.pos                #=> 12
 *     d.read                   #=> ".."
 *     d.pos = i                #=> 12
 *     d.read                   #=> ".."
 */
static VALUE
dir_set_pos(VALUE dir, VALUE pos)
{
    dir_seek(dir, pos);
    return pos;
}
#else
#define dir_set_pos rb_f_notimplement
#endif

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     dir.rewind -> dir
 *
 *  Repositions <em>dir</em> to the first entry.
 *
 *     d = Dir.new("testdir")
 *     d.read     #=> "."
 *     d.rewind   #=> #<Dir:0x401b3fb0>
 *     d.read     #=> "."
 */
static VALUE
dir_rewind(VALUE dir)
{
    struct dir_data *dirp;

    GetDIR(dir, dirp);
    rewinddir(dirp->dir);
    return dir;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     dir.close -> nil
 *
 *  Closes the directory stream.
 *  Calling this method on closed Dir object is ignored since Ruby 2.3.
 *
 *     d = Dir.new("testdir")
 *     d.close   #=> nil
 */
static VALUE
dir_close(VALUE dir)
{
    struct dir_data *dirp;

    dirp = dir_get(dir);
    if (!dirp->dir) return Qnil;
    closedir(dirp->dir);
    dirp->dir = NULL;

    return Qnil;
}

static void
dir_chdir(VALUE path)
{
    if (chdir(RSTRING_PTR(path)) < 0)
        rb_sys_fail_path(path);
}

static int chdir_blocking = 0;
static VALUE chdir_thread = Qnil;

struct chdir_data {
    VALUE old_path, new_path;
    int done;
};

static VALUE
chdir_yield(struct chdir_data *args)
{
    dir_chdir(args->new_path);
    args->done = TRUE;
    chdir_blocking++;
    if (chdir_thread == Qnil)
        chdir_thread = rb_thread_current();
    return rb_yield(args->new_path);
}

static VALUE
chdir_restore(struct chdir_data *args)
{
    if (args->done) {
        chdir_blocking--;
        if (chdir_blocking == 0)
            chdir_thread = Qnil;
        dir_chdir(args->old_path);
    }
    return Qnil;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     Dir.chdir( [ string] ) -> 0
 *     Dir.chdir( [ string] ) {| path | block }  -> anObject
 *
 *  Changes the current working directory of the process to the given
 *  string. When called without an argument, changes the directory to
 *  the value of the environment variable <code>HOME</code>, or
 *  <code>LOGDIR</code>. <code>SystemCallError</code> (probably
 *  <code>Errno::ENOENT</code>) if the target directory does not exist.
 *
 *  If a block is given, it is passed the name of the new current
 *  directory, and the block is executed with that as the current
 *  directory. The original working directory is restored when the block
 *  exits. The return value of <code>chdir</code> is the value of the
 *  block. <code>chdir</code> blocks can be nested, but in a
 *  multi-threaded program an error will be raised if a thread attempts
 *  to open a <code>chdir</code> block while another thread has one
 *  open.
 *
 *     Dir.chdir("/var/spool/mail")
 *     puts Dir.pwd
 *     Dir.chdir("/tmp") do
 *       puts Dir.pwd
 *       Dir.chdir("/usr") do
 *         puts Dir.pwd
 *       end
 *       puts Dir.pwd
 *     end
 *     puts Dir.pwd
 *
 *  <em>produces:</em>
 *
 *     /var/spool/mail
 *     /tmp
 *     /usr
 *     /tmp
 *     /var/spool/mail
 */
static VALUE
dir_s_chdir(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
{
    VALUE path = Qnil;

    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &path) == 1) {
        FilePathValue(path);
        path = rb_str_encode_ospath(path);
    }
    else {
        const char *dist = getenv("HOME");
        if (!dist) {
            dist = getenv("LOGDIR");
            if (!dist) rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "HOME/LOGDIR not set");
        }
        path = rb_str_new2(dist);
    }

    if (chdir_blocking > 0) {
        if (!rb_block_given_p() || rb_thread_current() != chdir_thread)
            rb_warn("conflicting chdir during another chdir block");
    }

    if (rb_block_given_p()) {
        struct chdir_data args;

        args.old_path = rb_str_encode_ospath(rb_dir_getwd());
        args.new_path = path;
        args.done = FALSE;
        return rb_ensure(chdir_yield, (VALUE)&args, chdir_restore, (VALUE)&args);
    }
    dir_chdir(path);

    return INT2FIX(0);
}

#ifndef _WIN32
VALUE
rb_dir_getwd_ospath(void)
{
    char *path;
    VALUE cwd;
    VALUE path_guard;

#undef RUBY_UNTYPED_DATA_WARNING
#define RUBY_UNTYPED_DATA_WARNING 0
    path_guard = Data_Wrap_Struct((VALUE)0, NULL, RUBY_DEFAULT_FREE, NULL);
    path = my_getcwd();
    DATA_PTR(path_guard) = path;
#ifdef __APPLE__
    cwd = rb_str_normalize_ospath(path, strlen(path));
    OBJ_TAINT(cwd);
#else
    cwd = rb_tainted_str_new2(path);
#endif
    DATA_PTR(path_guard) = 0;

    xfree(path);
    return cwd;
}
#endif

VALUE
rb_dir_getwd(void)
{
    rb_encoding *fs = rb_filesystem_encoding();
    int fsenc = rb_enc_to_index(fs);
    VALUE cwd = rb_dir_getwd_ospath();

    switch (fsenc) {
      case ENCINDEX_US_ASCII:
        fsenc = ENCINDEX_ASCII;
      case ENCINDEX_ASCII:
        break;
#if defined _WIN32 || defined __APPLE__
      default:
        return rb_str_conv_enc(cwd, NULL, fs);
#endif
    }
    return rb_enc_associate_index(cwd, fsenc);
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     Dir.getwd -> string
 *     Dir.pwd -> string
 *
 *  Returns the path to the current working directory of this process as
 *  a string.
 *
 *     Dir.chdir("/tmp")   #=> 0
 *     Dir.getwd           #=> "/tmp"
 *     Dir.pwd             #=> "/tmp"
 */
static VALUE
dir_s_getwd(VALUE dir)
{
    return rb_dir_getwd();
}

static VALUE
check_dirname(VALUE dir)
{
    VALUE d = dir;
    char *path, *pend;
    long len;
    rb_encoding *enc;

    FilePathValue(d);
    enc = rb_enc_get(d);
    RSTRING_GETMEM(d, path, len);
    pend = path + len;
    pend = rb_enc_path_end(rb_enc_path_skip_prefix(path, pend, enc), pend, enc);
    if (pend - path < len) {
        d = rb_str_subseq(d, 0, pend - path);
        StringValueCStr(d);
    }
    return rb_str_encode_ospath(d);
}

#if defined(HAVE_CHROOT)
/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     Dir.chroot( string ) -> 0
 *
 *  Changes this process's idea of the file system root. Only a
 *  privileged process may make this call. Not available on all
 *  platforms. On Unix systems, see <code>chroot(2)</code> for more
 *  information.
 */
static VALUE
dir_s_chroot(VALUE dir, VALUE path)
{
    path = check_dirname(path);
    if (chroot(RSTRING_PTR(path)) == -1)
        rb_sys_fail_path(path);

    return INT2FIX(0);
}
#else
#define dir_s_chroot rb_f_notimplement
#endif

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     Dir.mkdir( string [, integer] ) -> 0
 *
 *  Makes a new directory named by <i>string</i>, with permissions
 *  specified by the optional parameter <i>anInteger</i>. The
 *  permissions may be modified by the value of
 *  <code>File::umask</code>, and are ignored on NT. Raises a
 *  <code>SystemCallError</code> if the directory cannot be created. See
 *  also the discussion of permissions in the class documentation for
 *  <code>File</code>.
 *
 *    Dir.mkdir(File.join(Dir.home, ".foo"), 0700) #=> 0
 *
 */
static VALUE
dir_s_mkdir(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
{
    VALUE path, vmode;
    int mode;

    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11", &path, &vmode) == 2) {
        mode = NUM2INT(vmode);
    }
    else {
        mode = 0777;
    }

    path = check_dirname(path);
    if (mkdir(RSTRING_PTR(path), mode) == -1)
        rb_sys_fail_path(path);

    return INT2FIX(0);
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     Dir.delete( string ) -> 0
 *     Dir.rmdir( string ) -> 0
 *     Dir.unlink( string ) -> 0
 *
 *  Deletes the named directory. Raises a subclass of
 *  <code>SystemCallError</code> if the directory isn't empty.
 */
static VALUE
dir_s_rmdir(VALUE obj, VALUE dir)
{
    dir = check_dirname(dir);
    if (rmdir(RSTRING_PTR(dir)) < 0)
        rb_sys_fail_path(dir);

    return INT2FIX(0);
}

struct warning_args {
#ifdef RUBY_FUNCTION_NAME_STRING
    const char *func;
#endif
    const char *mesg;
    rb_encoding *enc;
};

#ifndef RUBY_FUNCTION_NAME_STRING
#define sys_enc_warning_in(func, mesg, enc) sys_enc_warning(mesg, enc)
#endif

static VALUE
sys_warning_1(VALUE mesg)
{
    const struct warning_args *arg = (struct warning_args *)mesg;
#ifdef RUBY_FUNCTION_NAME_STRING
    rb_sys_enc_warning(arg->enc, "%s: %s", arg->func, arg->mesg);
#else
    rb_sys_enc_warning(arg->enc, "%s", arg->mesg);
#endif
    return Qnil;
}

static void
sys_enc_warning_in(const char *func, const char *mesg, rb_encoding *enc)
{
    struct warning_args arg;
#ifdef RUBY_FUNCTION_NAME_STRING
    arg.func = func;
#endif
    arg.mesg = mesg;
    arg.enc = enc;
    rb_protect(sys_warning_1, (VALUE)&arg, 0);
}

#define GLOB_VERBOSE    (1U << (sizeof(int) * CHAR_BIT - 1))
#define sys_warning(val, enc) \
    ((flags & GLOB_VERBOSE) ? sys_enc_warning_in(RUBY_FUNCTION_NAME_STRING, (val), (enc)) :(void)0)

#define GLOB_ALLOC(type) ((type *)malloc(sizeof(type)))
#define GLOB_ALLOC_N(type, n) ((type *)malloc(sizeof(type) * (n)))
#define GLOB_REALLOC(ptr, size) realloc((ptr), (size))
#define GLOB_FREE(ptr) free(ptr)
#define GLOB_JUMP_TAG(status) (((status) == -1) ? rb_memerror() : rb_jump_tag(status))

/*
 * ENOTDIR can be returned by stat(2) if a non-leaf element of the path
 * is not a directory.
 */
ALWAYS_INLINE(static int to_be_ignored(int e));
static inline int
to_be_ignored(int e)
{
    return e == ENOENT || e == ENOTDIR;
}

#ifdef _WIN32
#define STAT(p, s)      rb_w32_ustati64((p), (s))
#undef lstat
#define lstat(p, s)     rb_w32_ulstati64((p), (s))
#else
#define STAT(p, s)      stat((p), (s))
#endif

typedef int ruby_glob_errfunc(const char*, VALUE, const void*, int);
typedef struct {
    ruby_glob_func *match;
    ruby_glob_errfunc *error;
} ruby_glob_funcs_t;

/* System call with warning */
static int
do_stat(int fd, const char *path, struct stat *pst, int flags, rb_encoding *enc)
{
#if USE_OPENDIR_AT
    int ret = fstatat(fd, path, pst, 0);
#else
    int ret = STAT(path, pst);
#endif
    if (ret < 0 && !to_be_ignored(errno))
        sys_warning(path, enc);

    return ret;
}

#if defined HAVE_LSTAT || defined lstat || USE_OPENDIR_AT
static int
do_lstat(int fd, const char *path, struct stat *pst, int flags, rb_encoding *enc)
{
#if USE_OPENDIR_AT
    int ret = fstatat(fd, path, pst, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW);
#else
    int ret = lstat(path, pst);
#endif
    if (ret < 0 && !to_be_ignored(errno))
        sys_warning(path, enc);

    return ret;
}
#else
#define do_lstat do_stat
#endif

static DIR *
do_opendir(const int basefd, const char *path, int flags, rb_encoding *enc,
           ruby_glob_errfunc *errfunc, VALUE arg, int *status)
{
#if USE_OPENDIR_AT
    const int opendir_flags = (O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC|
#ifdef O_DIRECTORY
                               O_DIRECTORY|
#endif
                               0);
    int fd;
#endif
    DIR *dirp;
#ifdef _WIN32
    VALUE tmp = 0;
    if (!fundamental_encoding_p(enc)) {
        tmp = rb_enc_str_new(path, strlen(path), enc);
        tmp = rb_str_encode_ospath(tmp);
        path = RSTRING_PTR(tmp);
    }
#endif
#if USE_OPENDIR_AT
    fd = openat(basefd, path, 0, opendir_flags);
    dirp = (fd < 0) ? NULL : fdopendir(fd);
#else
    dirp = opendir(path);
#endif
    if (!dirp) {
        int e = errno;
        switch (rb_gc_for_fd(e)) {
          default:
#if USE_OPENDIR_AT
            if ((fd >= 0) || (fd = openat(basefd, path, 0, opendir_flags)) >= 0) {
                dirp = fdopendir(fd);
            }
#else
            dirp = opendir(path);
#endif
            if (dirp) break;
            e = errno;
            /* fallback */
          case 0:
#if USE_OPENDIR_AT
            if (fd >= 0) close(fd);
#endif
            *status = 0;
            if (to_be_ignored(e)) break;
            if (errfunc) {
                *status = (*errfunc)(path, arg, enc, e);
                break;
            }
            sys_warning(path, enc);
        }
    }
#ifdef _WIN32
    if (tmp) rb_str_resize(tmp, 0); /* GC guard */
#endif

    return dirp;
}

/* Globing pattern */
enum glob_pattern_type { PLAIN, ALPHA, MAGICAL, RECURSIVE, MATCH_ALL, MATCH_DIR };

/* Return nonzero if S has any special globbing chars in it.  */
static enum glob_pattern_type
has_magic(const char *p, const char *pend, int flags, rb_encoding *enc)
{
    const int escape = !(flags & FNM_NOESCAPE);
    int hasalpha = 0;

    register char c;

    while (p < pend && (c = *p++) != 0) {
        switch (c) {
          case '*':
          case '?':
          case '[':
            return MAGICAL;

          case '\\':
            if (escape && p++ >= pend)
                continue;
            break;

#ifdef _WIN32
          case '.':
            break;

          case '~':
            hasalpha = 1;
            break;
#endif
          default:
            if (IS_WIN32 || ISALPHA(c)) {
                hasalpha = 1;
            }
            break;
        }

        p = Next(p-1, pend, enc);
    }

    return hasalpha ? ALPHA : PLAIN;
}

/* Find separator in globbing pattern. */
static char *
find_dirsep(const char *p, const char *pend, int flags, rb_encoding *enc)
{
    const int escape = !(flags & FNM_NOESCAPE);

    register char c;
    int open = 0;

    while ((c = *p++) != 0) {
        switch (c) {
          case '[':
            open = 1;
            continue;
          case ']':
            open = 0;
            continue;

          case '/':
            if (!open)
                return (char *)p-1;
            continue;

          case '\\':
            if (escape && !(c = *p++))
                return (char *)p-1;
            continue;
        }

        p = Next(p-1, pend, enc);
    }

    return (char *)p-1;
}

/* Remove escaping backslashes */
static char *
remove_backslashes(char *p, register const char *pend, rb_encoding *enc)
{
    char *t = p;
    char *s = p;

    while (*p) {
        if (*p == '\\') {
            if (t != s)
                memmove(t, s, p - s);
            t += p - s;
            s = ++p;
            if (!*p) break;
        }
        Inc(p, pend, enc);
    }

    while (*p++);

    if (t != s)
        memmove(t, s, p - s); /* move '\0' too */

    return p;
}

struct glob_pattern {
    char *str;
    enum glob_pattern_type type;
    struct glob_pattern *next;
};

static void glob_free_pattern(struct glob_pattern *list);

static struct glob_pattern *
glob_make_pattern(const char *p, const char *e, int flags, rb_encoding *enc)
{
    struct glob_pattern *list, *tmp, **tail = &list;
    int dirsep = 0; /* pattern is terminated with '/' */
    int recursive = 0;

    while (p < e && *p) {
        tmp = GLOB_ALLOC(struct glob_pattern);
        if (!tmp) goto error;
        if (p + 2 < e && p[0] == '*' && p[1] == '*' && p[2] == '/') {
            /* fold continuous RECURSIVEs (needed in glob_helper) */
            do { p += 3; while (*p == '/') p++; } while (p[0] == '*' && p[1] == '*' && p[2] == '/');
            tmp->type = RECURSIVE;
            tmp->str = 0;
            dirsep = 1;
            recursive = 1;
        }
        else {
            const char *m = find_dirsep(p, e, flags, enc);
            const enum glob_pattern_type magic = has_magic(p, m, flags, enc);
            const enum glob_pattern_type non_magic = (USE_NAME_ON_FS || FNM_SYSCASE) ? PLAIN : ALPHA;
            char *buf;

            if (!(FNM_SYSCASE || magic > non_magic) && !recursive && *m) {
                const char *m2;
                while (has_magic(m+1, m2 = find_dirsep(m+1, e, flags, enc), flags, enc) <= non_magic &&
                       *m2) {
                    m = m2;
                }
            }
            buf = GLOB_ALLOC_N(char, m-p+1);
            if (!buf) {
                GLOB_FREE(tmp);
                goto error;
            }
            memcpy(buf, p, m-p);
            buf[m-p] = '\0';
            tmp->type = magic > MAGICAL ? MAGICAL : magic > non_magic ? magic : PLAIN;
            tmp->str = buf;
            if (*m) {
                dirsep = 1;
                p = m + 1;
            }
            else {
                dirsep = 0;
                p = m;
            }
        }
        *tail = tmp;
        tail = &tmp->next;
    }

    tmp = GLOB_ALLOC(struct glob_pattern);
    if (!tmp) {
      error:
        *tail = 0;
        glob_free_pattern(list);
        return 0;
    }
    tmp->type = dirsep ? MATCH_DIR : MATCH_ALL;
    tmp->str = 0;
    *tail = tmp;
    tmp->next = 0;

    return list;
}

static void
glob_free_pattern(struct glob_pattern *list)
{
    while (list) {
        struct glob_pattern *tmp = list;
        list = list->next;
        if (tmp->str)
            GLOB_FREE(tmp->str);
        GLOB_FREE(tmp);
    }
}

static char *
join_path(const char *path, size_t len, int dirsep, const char *name, size_t namlen)
{
    char *buf = GLOB_ALLOC_N(char, len+namlen+(dirsep?1:0)+1);

    if (!buf) return 0;
    memcpy(buf, path, len);
    if (dirsep) {
        buf[len++] = '/';
    }
    memcpy(buf+len, name, namlen);
    buf[len+namlen] = '\0';
    return buf;
}

#ifdef HAVE_GETATTRLIST
# if defined HAVE_FGETATTRLIST
#   define is_case_sensitive(dirp, path) is_case_sensitive(dirp)
# else
#   define is_case_sensitive(dirp, path) is_case_sensitive(path)
# endif
static int
is_case_sensitive(DIR *dirp, const char *path)
{
    struct {
        u_int32_t length;
        vol_capabilities_attr_t cap[1];
    } __attribute__((aligned(4), packed)) attrbuf[1];
    struct attrlist al = {ATTR_BIT_MAP_COUNT, 0, 0, ATTR_VOL_INFO|ATTR_VOL_CAPABILITIES};
    const vol_capabilities_attr_t *const cap = attrbuf[0].cap;
    const int idx = VOL_CAPABILITIES_FORMAT;
    const uint32_t mask = VOL_CAP_FMT_CASE_SENSITIVE;

#   if defined HAVE_FGETATTRLIST
    if (fgetattrlist(dirfd(dirp), &al, attrbuf, sizeof(attrbuf), FSOPT_NOFOLLOW))
        return -1;
#   else
    if (getattrlist(path, &al, attrbuf, sizeof(attrbuf), FSOPT_NOFOLLOW))
        return -1;
#   endif
    if (!(cap->valid[idx] & mask))
        return -1;
    return (cap->capabilities[idx] & mask) != 0;
}

static char *
replace_real_basename(char *path, long base, rb_encoding *enc, int norm_p, int flags, rb_pathtype_t *type)
{
    struct {
        u_int32_t length;
        attrreference_t ref[1];
        fsobj_type_t objtype;
        char path[MAXPATHLEN * 3];
    } __attribute__((aligned(4), packed)) attrbuf[1];
    struct attrlist al = {ATTR_BIT_MAP_COUNT, 0, ATTR_CMN_NAME|ATTR_CMN_OBJTYPE};
    const attrreference_t *const ar = attrbuf[0].ref;
    const char *name;
    long len;
    char *tmp;
    IF_NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH(VALUE utf8str = Qnil);

    *type = path_noent;
    if (getattrlist(path, &al, attrbuf, sizeof(attrbuf), FSOPT_NOFOLLOW)) {
        if (!to_be_ignored(errno))
            sys_warning(path, enc);
        return path;
    }

    switch (attrbuf[0].objtype) {
      case VREG: *type = path_regular; break;
      case VDIR: *type = path_directory; break;
      case VLNK: *type = path_symlink; break;
      default: *type = path_exist; break;
    }
    name = (char *)ar + ar->attr_dataoffset;
    len = (long)ar->attr_length - 1;
    if (name + len > (char *)attrbuf + sizeof(attrbuf))
        return path;

# if NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH
    if (norm_p && has_nonascii(name, len)) {
        if (!NIL_P(utf8str = rb_str_normalize_ospath(name, len))) {
            RSTRING_GETMEM(utf8str, name, len);
        }
    }
# endif

    tmp = GLOB_REALLOC(path, base + len + 1);
    if (tmp) {
        path = tmp;
        memcpy(path + base, name, len);
        path[base + len] = '\0';
    }
    IF_NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH(if (!NIL_P(utf8str)) rb_str_resize(utf8str, 0));
    return path;
}
#elif defined _WIN32
VALUE rb_w32_conv_from_wchar(const WCHAR *wstr, rb_encoding *enc);
int rb_w32_reparse_symlink_p(const WCHAR *path);

static char *
replace_real_basename(char *path, long base, rb_encoding *enc, int norm_p, int flags, rb_pathtype_t *type)
{
    char *plainname = path;
    volatile VALUE tmp = 0;
    WIN32_FIND_DATAW fd;
    WIN32_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DATA fa;
    WCHAR *wplain;
    HANDLE h = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
    long wlen;
    int e = 0;
    if (!fundamental_encoding_p(enc)) {
        tmp = rb_enc_str_new_cstr(plainname, enc);
        tmp = rb_str_encode_ospath(tmp);
        plainname = RSTRING_PTR(tmp);
    }
    wplain = rb_w32_mbstr_to_wstr(CP_UTF8, plainname, -1, &wlen);
    if (tmp) rb_str_resize(tmp, 0);
    if (!wplain) return path;
    if (GetFileAttributesExW(wplain, GetFileExInfoStandard, &fa)) {
        h = FindFirstFileW(wplain, &fd);
        e = rb_w32_map_errno(GetLastError());
    }
    if (fa.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) {
        if (!rb_w32_reparse_symlink_p(wplain))
            fa.dwFileAttributes &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT;
    }
    free(wplain);
    if (h == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
        *type = path_noent;
        if (e && !to_be_ignored(e)) {
            errno = e;
            sys_warning(path, enc);
        }
        return path;
    }
    FindClose(h);
    *type =
        (fa.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) ? path_symlink :
        (fa.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) ? path_directory :
        path_regular;
    if (tmp) {
        char *buf;
        tmp = rb_w32_conv_from_wchar(fd.cFileName, enc);
        wlen = RSTRING_LEN(tmp);
        buf = GLOB_REALLOC(path, base + wlen + 1);
        if (buf) {
            path = buf;
            memcpy(path + base, RSTRING_PTR(tmp), wlen);
            path[base + wlen] = 0;
        }
        rb_str_resize(tmp, 0);
    }
    else {
        char *utf8filename;
        wlen = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, fd.cFileName, -1, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
        utf8filename = GLOB_REALLOC(0, wlen);
        if (utf8filename) {
            char *buf;
            WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, fd.cFileName, -1, utf8filename, wlen, NULL, NULL);
            buf = GLOB_REALLOC(path, base + wlen + 1);
            if (buf) {
                path = buf;
                memcpy(path + base, utf8filename, wlen);
                path[base + wlen] = 0;
            }
            GLOB_FREE(utf8filename);
        }
    }
    return path;
}
#elif USE_NAME_ON_FS == USE_NAME_ON_FS_REAL_BASENAME
# error not implemented
#endif

#ifndef S_ISDIR
#   define S_ISDIR(m) (((m) & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR)
#endif

#ifndef S_ISLNK
#  ifndef S_IFLNK
#    define S_ISLNK(m) (0)
#  else
#    define S_ISLNK(m) (((m) & S_IFMT) == S_IFLNK)
#  endif
#endif

struct glob_args {
    void (*func)(const char *, VALUE, void *);
    const char *path;
    const char *base;
    size_t baselen;
    VALUE value;
    rb_encoding *enc;
};

#define glob_call_func(func, path, arg, enc) (*(func))((path), (arg), (void *)(enc))

static VALUE
glob_func_caller(VALUE val)
{
    struct glob_args *args = (struct glob_args *)val;

    glob_call_func(args->func, args->path, args->value, args->enc);
    return Qnil;
}

struct glob_error_args {
    const char *path;
    rb_encoding *enc;
    int error;
};

static VALUE
glob_func_warning(VALUE val)
{
    struct glob_error_args *arg = (struct glob_error_args *)val;
    rb_syserr_enc_warning(arg->error, arg->enc, "%s", arg->path);
    return Qnil;
}

#if 0
static int
rb_glob_warning(const char *path, VALUE a, const void *enc, int error)
{
    int status;
    struct glob_error_args args;

    args.path = path;
    args.enc = enc;
    args.error = error;
    rb_protect(glob_func_warning, (VALUE)&args, &status);
    return status;
}
#endif

static VALUE
glob_func_error(VALUE val)
{
    struct glob_error_args *arg = (struct glob_error_args *)val;
    VALUE path = rb_enc_str_new_cstr(arg->path, arg->enc);
    rb_syserr_fail_str(arg->error, path);
    return Qnil;
}

static int
rb_glob_error(const char *path, VALUE a, const void *enc, int error)
{
    int status;
    struct glob_error_args args;
    VALUE (*errfunc)(VALUE) = glob_func_error;

    if (error == EACCES) {
        errfunc = glob_func_warning;
    }
    args.path = path;
    args.enc = enc;
    args.error = error;
    rb_protect(errfunc, (VALUE)&args, &status);
    return status;
}

static inline int
dirent_match(const char *pat, rb_encoding *enc, const char *name, const struct dirent *dp, int flags)
{
    if (fnmatch(pat, enc, name, flags) == 0) return 1;
#ifdef _WIN32
    if (dp->d_altname && (flags & FNM_SHORTNAME)) {
        if (fnmatch(pat, enc, dp->d_altname, flags) == 0) return 1;
    }
#endif
    return 0;
}

static int
glob_helper(
    int fd,
    const char *path,
    size_t baselen,
    size_t namelen,
    int dirsep, /* '/' should be placed before appending child entry's name to 'path'. */
    rb_pathtype_t pathtype, /* type of 'path' */
    struct glob_pattern **beg,
    struct glob_pattern **end,
    int flags,
    const ruby_glob_funcs_t *funcs,
    VALUE arg,
    rb_encoding *enc)
{
    struct stat st;
    int status = 0;
    struct glob_pattern **cur, **new_beg, **new_end;
    int plain = 0, magical = 0, recursive = 0, match_all = 0, match_dir = 0;
    int escape = !(flags & FNM_NOESCAPE);
    size_t pathlen = baselen + namelen;
    const char *base = path;

    if (fd != AT_FDCWD && *(base += baselen) == '/') base++;

    for (cur = beg; cur < end; ++cur) {
        struct glob_pattern *p = *cur;
        if (p->type == RECURSIVE) {
            recursive = 1;
            p = p->next;
        }
        switch (p->type) {
          case PLAIN:
            plain = 1;
            break;
          case ALPHA:
#if USE_NAME_ON_FS == USE_NAME_ON_FS_REAL_BASENAME
            plain = 1;
#else
            magical = 1;
#endif
            break;
          case MAGICAL:
            magical = 2;
            break;
          case MATCH_ALL:
            match_all = 1;
            break;
          case MATCH_DIR:
            match_dir = 1;
            break;
          case RECURSIVE:
            rb_bug("continuous RECURSIVEs");
        }
    }

    if (*base) {
        if (match_all && pathtype == path_unknown) {
            if (do_lstat(fd, base, &st, flags, enc) == 0) {
                pathtype = IFTODT(st.st_mode);
            }
            else {
                pathtype = path_noent;
            }
        }
        if (match_dir && (pathtype == path_unknown || pathtype == path_symlink)) {
            if (do_stat(fd, base, &st, flags, enc) == 0) {
                pathtype = IFTODT(st.st_mode);
            }
            else {
                pathtype = path_noent;
            }
        }
        if (match_all && pathtype > path_noent) {
            const char *subpath = path + baselen + (baselen && path[baselen] == '/');
            status = glob_call_func(funcs->match, subpath, arg, enc);
            if (status) return status;
        }
        if (match_dir && pathtype == path_directory) {
            const char *subpath = path + baselen + (baselen && path[baselen] == '/');
            char *tmp = join_path(subpath, namelen, dirsep, "", 0);
            if (!tmp) return -1;
            status = glob_call_func(funcs->match, tmp + (baselen ? dirsep : 0), arg, enc);
            GLOB_FREE(tmp);
            if (status) return status;
        }
    }

    if (pathtype == path_noent) return 0;

    if (magical || recursive) {
        struct dirent *dp;
        DIR *dirp;
# if USE_NAME_ON_FS == USE_NAME_ON_FS_BY_FNMATCH
        char *plainname = 0;
# endif
        IF_NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH(int norm_p);
# if USE_NAME_ON_FS == USE_NAME_ON_FS_BY_FNMATCH
        if (cur + 1 == end && (*cur)->type <= ALPHA) {
            plainname = join_path(path, pathlen, dirsep, (*cur)->str, strlen((*cur)->str));
            if (!plainname) return -1;
            dirp = do_opendir(fd, plainname, flags, enc, funcs->error, arg, &status);
            GLOB_FREE(plainname);
        }
        else
# else
            ;
# endif
        dirp = do_opendir(fd, *base ? base : ".", flags, enc, funcs->error, arg, &status);
        if (dirp == NULL) {
# if FNM_SYSCASE || NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH
            if ((magical < 2) && !recursive && (errno == EACCES)) {
                /* no read permission, fallback */
                goto literally;
            }
# endif
            return status;
        }
        IF_NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH(norm_p = need_normalization(dirp, *base ? base : "."));

# if NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH
        if (!(norm_p || magical || recursive)) {
            closedir(dirp);
            goto literally;
        }
# endif
# ifdef HAVE_GETATTRLIST
        if (is_case_sensitive(dirp, path) == 0)
            flags |= FNM_CASEFOLD;
# endif
        while ((dp = READDIR(dirp, enc)) != NULL) {
            char *buf;
            rb_pathtype_t new_pathtype = path_unknown;
            const char *name;
            size_t namlen;
            int dotfile = 0;
            IF_NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH(VALUE utf8str = Qnil);

            name = dp->d_name;
            namlen = NAMLEN(dp);
            if (recursive && name[0] == '.') {
                ++dotfile;
                if (namlen == 1) {
                    /* unless DOTMATCH, skip current directories not to recurse infinitely */
                    if (!(flags & FNM_DOTMATCH)) continue;
                    ++dotfile;
                    new_pathtype = path_directory; /* force to skip stat/lstat */
                }
                else if (namlen == 2 && name[1] == '.') {
                    /* always skip parent directories not to recurse infinitely */
                    continue;
                }
            }

# if NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH
            if (norm_p && has_nonascii(name, namlen)) {
                if (!NIL_P(utf8str = rb_str_normalize_ospath(name, namlen))) {
                    RSTRING_GETMEM(utf8str, name, namlen);
                }
            }
# endif
            buf = join_path(path, pathlen, dirsep, name, namlen);
            IF_NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH(if (!NIL_P(utf8str)) rb_str_resize(utf8str, 0));
            if (!buf) {
                status = -1;
                break;
            }
            name = buf + pathlen + (dirsep != 0);
#ifdef DT_UNKNOWN
            if (dp->d_type != DT_UNKNOWN) {
                /* Got it. We need no more lstat. */
                new_pathtype = dp->d_type;
            }
#endif
            if (recursive && dotfile < ((flags & FNM_DOTMATCH) ? 2 : 1) &&
                new_pathtype == path_unknown) {
                /* RECURSIVE never match dot files unless FNM_DOTMATCH is set */
                if (do_lstat(fd, buf, &st, flags, enc) == 0)
                    new_pathtype = IFTODT(st.st_mode);
                else
                    new_pathtype = path_noent;
            }

            new_beg = new_end = GLOB_ALLOC_N(struct glob_pattern *, (end - beg) * 2);
            if (!new_beg) {
                GLOB_FREE(buf);
                status = -1;
                break;
            }

            for (cur = beg; cur < end; ++cur) {
                struct glob_pattern *p = *cur;
                if (p->type == RECURSIVE) {
                    if (new_pathtype == path_directory || /* not symlink but real directory */
                        new_pathtype == path_exist) {
                        if (dotfile < ((flags & FNM_DOTMATCH) ? 2 : 1))
                            *new_end++ = p; /* append recursive pattern */
                    }
                    p = p->next; /* 0 times recursion */
                }
                switch (p->type) {
                  case ALPHA:
# if USE_NAME_ON_FS == USE_NAME_ON_FS_BY_FNMATCH
                    if (plainname) {
                        *new_end++ = p->next;
                        break;
                    }
# endif
                  case PLAIN:
                  case MAGICAL:
                    if (dirent_match(p->str, enc, name, dp, flags))
                        *new_end++ = p->next;
                  default:
                    break;
                }
            }

            status = glob_helper(fd, buf, baselen, name - buf - baselen + namlen, 1,
                                 new_pathtype, new_beg, new_end,
                                 flags, funcs, arg, enc);
            GLOB_FREE(buf);
            GLOB_FREE(new_beg);
            if (status) break;
        }

        closedir(dirp);
    }
    else if (plain) {
        struct glob_pattern **copy_beg, **copy_end, **cur2;

# if FNM_SYSCASE || NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH
      literally:
# endif
        copy_beg = copy_end = GLOB_ALLOC_N(struct glob_pattern *, end - beg);
        if (!copy_beg) return -1;
        for (cur = beg; cur < end; ++cur)
            *copy_end++ = (*cur)->type <= ALPHA ? *cur : 0;

        for (cur = copy_beg; cur < copy_end; ++cur) {
            if (*cur) {
                rb_pathtype_t new_pathtype = path_unknown;
                char *buf;
                char *name;
                size_t len = strlen((*cur)->str) + 1;
                name = GLOB_ALLOC_N(char, len);
                if (!name) {
                    status = -1;
                    break;
                }
                memcpy(name, (*cur)->str, len);
                if (escape)
                    len = remove_backslashes(name, name+len-1, enc) - name;

                new_beg = new_end = GLOB_ALLOC_N(struct glob_pattern *, end - beg);
                if (!new_beg) {
                    GLOB_FREE(name);
                    status = -1;
                    break;
                }
                *new_end++ = (*cur)->next;
                for (cur2 = cur + 1; cur2 < copy_end; ++cur2) {
                    if (*cur2 && fnmatch((*cur2)->str, enc, name, flags) == 0) {
                        *new_end++ = (*cur2)->next;
                        *cur2 = 0;
                    }
                }

                buf = join_path(path, pathlen, dirsep, name, len);
                GLOB_FREE(name);
                if (!buf) {
                    GLOB_FREE(new_beg);
                    status = -1;
                    break;
                }
#if USE_NAME_ON_FS == USE_NAME_ON_FS_REAL_BASENAME
                if ((*cur)->type == ALPHA) {
                    buf = replace_real_basename(buf, pathlen + (dirsep != 0), enc,
                                                IF_NORMALIZE_UTF8PATH(1)+0,
                                                flags, &new_pathtype);
                    if (!buf) break;
                }
#endif
                status = glob_helper(fd, buf, baselen,
                                     namelen + strlen(buf + pathlen), 1,
                                     new_pathtype, new_beg, new_end,
                                     flags, funcs, arg, enc);
                GLOB_FREE(buf);
                GLOB_FREE(new_beg);
                if (status) break;
            }
        }

        GLOB_FREE(copy_beg);
    }

    return status;
}

static int
ruby_glob0(const char *path, int fd, const char *base, int flags,
           const ruby_glob_funcs_t *funcs, VALUE arg,
           rb_encoding *enc)
{
    struct glob_pattern *list;
    const char *root, *start;
    char *buf;
    size_t n, baselen = 0;
    int status, dirsep = FALSE;

    start = root = path;
    flags |= FNM_SYSCASE;
#if defined DOSISH
    root = rb_enc_path_skip_prefix(root, root + strlen(root), enc);
#endif

    if (*root == '/') root++;

    n = root - start;
    if (!n && base) {
        n = strlen(base);
        baselen = n;
        start = base;
        dirsep = TRUE;
    }
    buf = GLOB_ALLOC_N(char, n + 1);
    if (!buf) return -1;
    MEMCPY(buf, start, char, n);
    buf[n] = '\0';

    list = glob_make_pattern(root, root + strlen(root), flags, enc);
    if (!list) {
        GLOB_FREE(buf);
        return -1;
    }
    status = glob_helper(fd, buf, baselen, n-baselen, dirsep,
                         path_unknown, &list, &list + 1,
                         flags, funcs, arg, enc);
    glob_free_pattern(list);
    GLOB_FREE(buf);

    return status;
}

int
ruby_glob(const char *path, int flags, ruby_glob_func *func, VALUE arg)
{
    ruby_glob_funcs_t funcs;
    funcs.match = func;
    funcs.error = NULL;
    return ruby_glob0(path, AT_FDCWD, 0, flags & ~GLOB_VERBOSE,
                      &funcs, arg, rb_ascii8bit_encoding());
}

static int
rb_glob_caller(const char *path, VALUE a, void *enc)
{
    int status;
    struct glob_args *args = (struct glob_args *)a;

    args->path = path;
    rb_protect(glob_func_caller, a, &status);
    return status;
}

static const ruby_glob_funcs_t rb_glob_funcs = {
    rb_glob_caller, rb_glob_error,
};

void
rb_glob(const char *path, void (*func)(const char *, VALUE, void *), VALUE arg)
{
    struct glob_args args;
    int status;

    args.func = func;
    args.value = arg;
    args.enc = rb_ascii8bit_encoding();

    status = ruby_glob0(path, AT_FDCWD, 0, GLOB_VERBOSE, &rb_glob_funcs,
                        (VALUE)&args, args.enc);
    if (status) GLOB_JUMP_TAG(status);
}

static void
push_pattern(const char *path, VALUE ary, void *enc)
{
#if defined _WIN32 || defined __APPLE__
    VALUE name = rb_utf8_str_new_cstr(path);
    rb_encoding *eenc = rb_default_internal_encoding();
    OBJ_TAINT(name);
    name = rb_str_conv_enc(name, NULL, eenc ? eenc : enc);
#else
    VALUE name = rb_external_str_new_with_enc(path, strlen(path), enc);
#endif
    rb_ary_push(ary, name);
}

static int
ruby_brace_expand(const char *str, int flags, ruby_glob_func *func, VALUE arg,
                  rb_encoding *enc, VALUE var)
{
    const int escape = !(flags & FNM_NOESCAPE);
    const char *p = str;
    const char *pend = p + strlen(p);
    const char *s = p;
    const char *lbrace = 0, *rbrace = 0;
    int nest = 0, status = 0;

    while (*p) {
        if (*p == '{' && nest++ == 0) {
            lbrace = p;
        }
        if (*p == '}' && lbrace && --nest == 0) {
            rbrace = p;
            break;
        }
        if (*p == '\\' && escape) {
            if (!*++p) break;
        }
        Inc(p, pend, enc);
    }

    if (lbrace && rbrace) {
        size_t len = strlen(s) + 1;
        char *buf = GLOB_ALLOC_N(char, len);
        long shift;

        if (!buf) return -1;
        memcpy(buf, s, lbrace-s);
        shift = (lbrace-s);
        p = lbrace;
        while (p < rbrace) {
            const char *t = ++p;
            nest = 0;
            while (p < rbrace && !(*p == ',' && nest == 0)) {
                if (*p == '{') nest++;
                if (*p == '}') nest--;
                if (*p == '\\' && escape) {
                    if (++p == rbrace) break;
                }
                Inc(p, pend, enc);
            }
            memcpy(buf+shift, t, p-t);
            strlcpy(buf+shift+(p-t), rbrace+1, len-(shift+(p-t)));
            status = ruby_brace_expand(buf, flags, func, arg, enc, var);
            if (status) break;
        }
        GLOB_FREE(buf);
    }
    else if (!lbrace && !rbrace) {
        status = glob_call_func(func, s, arg, enc);
    }

    RB_GC_GUARD(var);
    return status;
}

struct brace_args {
    ruby_glob_funcs_t funcs;
    VALUE value;
    int flags;
};

static int
glob_brace(const char *path, VALUE val, void *enc)
{
    struct brace_args *arg = (struct brace_args *)val;

    return ruby_glob0(path, AT_FDCWD, 0, arg->flags, &arg->funcs, arg->value, enc);
}

int
ruby_brace_glob_with_enc(const char *str, int flags, ruby_glob_func *func, VALUE arg, rb_encoding *enc)
{
    struct brace_args args;

    flags &= ~GLOB_VERBOSE;
    args.funcs.match = func;
    args.funcs.error = NULL;
    args.value = arg;
    args.flags = flags;
    return ruby_brace_expand(str, flags, glob_brace, (VALUE)&args, enc, Qfalse);
}

int
ruby_brace_glob(const char *str, int flags, ruby_glob_func *func, VALUE arg)
{
    return ruby_brace_glob_with_enc(str, flags, func, arg, rb_ascii8bit_encoding());
}

struct push_glob_args {
    struct glob_args glob;
    int flags;
    int fd;
};

static int
push_caller(const char *path, VALUE val, void *enc)
{
    struct push_glob_args *arg = (struct push_glob_args *)val;

    return ruby_glob0(path, arg->fd, arg->glob.base, arg->flags, &rb_glob_funcs,
                      (VALUE)&arg->glob, enc);
}

static int
push_glob(VALUE ary, VALUE str, VALUE base, int flags)
{
    struct push_glob_args args;
    rb_encoding *enc = rb_enc_get(str);

#if defined _WIN32 || defined __APPLE__
    str = rb_str_encode_ospath(str);
#endif
    if (rb_enc_to_index(enc) == ENCINDEX_US_ASCII)
        enc = rb_filesystem_encoding();
    if (rb_enc_to_index(enc) == ENCINDEX_US_ASCII)
        enc = rb_ascii8bit_encoding();
    flags |= GLOB_VERBOSE;
    args.glob.func = push_pattern;
    args.glob.value = ary;
    args.glob.enc = enc;
    args.glob.base = 0;
    args.flags = flags;
    args.fd = AT_FDCWD;
    if (!NIL_P(base)) {
        if (!RB_TYPE_P(base, T_STRING) || !rb_enc_check(str, base)) {
            struct dir_data *dirp = DATA_PTR(base);
            if (!dirp->dir) dir_closed();
#ifdef HAVE_DIRFD
            if ((args.fd = dirfd(dirp->dir)) == -1)
                rb_sys_fail_path(dir_inspect(base));
#endif
            base = dirp->path;
        }
        args.glob.base = RSTRING_PTR(base);
    }
#if defined _WIN32 || defined __APPLE__
    enc = rb_utf8_encoding();
#endif

    return ruby_brace_expand(RSTRING_PTR(str), flags,
                             push_caller, (VALUE)&args, enc, str);
}

static VALUE
rb_push_glob(VALUE str, VALUE base, int flags) /* '\0' is delimiter */
{
    long offset = 0;
    VALUE ary;

    GlobPathValue(str, TRUE);
    ary = rb_ary_new();

    while (offset < RSTRING_LEN(str)) {
        char *p, *pend;
        int status;
        p = RSTRING_PTR(str) + offset;
        status = push_glob(ary, rb_enc_str_new(p, strlen(p), rb_enc_get(str)),
                           base, flags);
        if (status) GLOB_JUMP_TAG(status);
        if (offset >= RSTRING_LEN(str)) break;
        p += strlen(p) + 1;
        pend = RSTRING_PTR(str) + RSTRING_LEN(str);
        while (p < pend && !*p)
            p++;
        offset = p - RSTRING_PTR(str);
    }

    return ary;
}

static VALUE
dir_globs(long argc, const VALUE *argv, VALUE base, int flags)
{
    VALUE ary = rb_ary_new();
    long i;

    for (i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
        int status;
        VALUE str = argv[i];
        GlobPathValue(str, TRUE);
        status = push_glob(ary, str, base, flags);
        if (status) GLOB_JUMP_TAG(status);
    }

    return ary;
}

static void
dir_glob_options(VALUE opt, VALUE *base, int *flags)
{
    ID kw[2];
    VALUE args[2];
    kw[0] = rb_intern("base");
    if (flags) kw[1] = rb_intern("flags");
    rb_get_kwargs(opt, kw, 0, flags ? 2 : 1, args);
    if (args[0] == Qundef || NIL_P(args[0])) {
        *base = Qnil;
    }
#if USE_OPENDIR_AT
    else if (rb_typeddata_is_kind_of(args[0], &dir_data_type)) {
        *base = args[0];
    }
#endif
    else {
        GlobPathValue(args[0], TRUE);
        if (!RSTRING_LEN(args[0])) args[0] = Qnil;
        *base = args[0];
    }
    if (flags && args[1] != Qundef) {
        *flags = NUM2INT(args[1]);
    }
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     Dir[ string [, string ...] [, base: path] ] -> array
 *
 *  Equivalent to calling
 *  <code>Dir.glob([</code><i>string,...</i><code>], 0)</code>.
 *
 */
static VALUE
dir_s_aref(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
{
    VALUE opts, base;
    argc = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "*:", NULL, &opts);
    dir_glob_options(opts, &base, NULL);
    if (argc == 1) {
        return rb_push_glob(argv[0], base, 0);
    }
    return dir_globs(argc, argv, base, 0);
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     Dir.glob( pattern, [flags], [base: path] )                       -> array
 *     Dir.glob( pattern, [flags], [base: path] ) { |filename| block }  -> nil
 *
 *  Expands +pattern+, which is a pattern string or an Array of pattern
 *  strings, and returns an array containing the matching filenames.
 *  If a block is given, calls the block once for each matching filename,
 *  passing the filename as a parameter to the block.
 *
 *  The optional +base+ keyword argument specifies the base directory for
 *  interpreting relative pathnames instead of the current working directory.
 *  As the results are not prefixed with the base directory name in this
 *  case, you will need to prepend the base directory name if you want real
 *  paths.
 *
 *  Note that the pattern is not a regexp, it's closer to a shell glob.
 *  See File::fnmatch for the meaning of the +flags+ parameter.
 *  Case sensitivity depends on your system (File::FNM_CASEFOLD is ignored),
 *  as does the order in which the results are returned.
 *
 *  <code>*</code>::
 *    Matches any file. Can be restricted by other values in the glob.
 *    Equivalent to <code>/ .* /x</code> in regexp.
 *
 *    <code>*</code>::     Matches all files
 *    <code>c*</code>::    Matches all files beginning with <code>c</code>
 *    <code>*c</code>::    Matches all files ending with <code>c</code>
 *    <code>\*c\*</code>:: Match all files that have <code>c</code> in them
 *                         (including at the beginning or end).
 *
 *    Note, this will not match Unix-like hidden files (dotfiles).  In order
 *    to include those in the match results, you must use the
 *    File::FNM_DOTMATCH flag or something like <code>"{*,.*}"</code>.
 *
 *  <code>**</code>::
 *    Matches directories recursively.
 *
 *  <code>?</code>::
 *    Matches any one character. Equivalent to <code>/.{1}/</code> in regexp.
 *
 *  <code>[set]</code>::
 *    Matches any one character in +set+.  Behaves exactly like character sets
 *    in Regexp, including set negation (<code>[^a-z]</code>).
 *
 *  <code>{p,q}</code>::
 *    Matches either literal <code>p</code> or literal <code>q</code>.
 *    Equivalent to pattern alternation in regexp.
 *
 *    Matching literals may be more than one character in length.  More than
 *    two literals may be specified.
 *
 *  <code> \\ </code>::
 *    Escapes the next metacharacter.
 *
 *    Note that this means you cannot use backslash on windows as part of a
 *    glob, i.e.  <code>Dir["c:\\foo*"]</code> will not work, use
 *    <code>Dir["c:/foo*"]</code> instead.
 *
 *  Examples:
 *
 *     Dir["config.?"]                     #=> ["config.h"]
 *     Dir.glob("config.?")                #=> ["config.h"]
 *     Dir.glob("*.[a-z][a-z]")            #=> ["main.rb"]
 *     Dir.glob("*.[^r]*")                 #=> ["config.h"]
 *     Dir.glob("*.{rb,h}")                #=> ["main.rb", "config.h"]
 *     Dir.glob("*")                       #=> ["config.h", "main.rb"]
 *     Dir.glob("*", File::FNM_DOTMATCH)   #=> [".", "..", "config.h", "main.rb"]
 *
 *     rbfiles = File.join("**", "*.rb")
 *     Dir.glob(rbfiles)                   #=> ["main.rb",
 *                                         #    "lib/song.rb",
 *                                         #    "lib/song/karaoke.rb"]
 *
 *     Dir.glob(rbfiles, base: "lib")      #=> ["song.rb",
 *                                         #    "song/karaoke.rb"]
 *
 *     libdirs = File.join("**", "lib")
 *     Dir.glob(libdirs)                   #=> ["lib"]
 *
 *     librbfiles = File.join("**", "lib", "**", "*.rb")
 *     Dir.glob(librbfiles)                #=> ["lib/song.rb",
 *                                         #    "lib/song/karaoke.rb"]
 *
 *     librbfiles = File.join("**", "lib", "*.rb")
 *     Dir.glob(librbfiles)                #=> ["lib/song.rb"]
 */
static VALUE
dir_s_glob(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
{
    VALUE str, rflags, ary, opts, base;
    int flags;

    argc = rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "11:", &str, &rflags, &opts);
    if (argc == 2)
        flags = NUM2INT(rflags);
    else
        flags = 0;
    dir_glob_options(opts, &base, &flags);

    ary = rb_check_array_type(str);
    if (NIL_P(ary)) {
        ary = rb_push_glob(str, base, flags);
    }
    else {
        VALUE v = ary;
        ary = dir_globs(RARRAY_LEN(v), RARRAY_CONST_PTR(v), base, flags);
        RB_GC_GUARD(v);
    }

    if (rb_block_given_p()) {
        rb_ary_each(ary);
        return Qnil;
    }
    return ary;
}

static VALUE
dir_open_dir(int argc, VALUE *argv)
{
    VALUE dir = rb_funcallv(rb_cDir, rb_intern("open"), argc, argv);

    rb_check_typeddata(dir, &dir_data_type);
    return dir;
}


/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     Dir.foreach( dirname ) {| filename | block }                 -> nil
 *     Dir.foreach( dirname, encoding: enc ) {| filename | block }  -> nil
 *     Dir.foreach( dirname )                                       -> an_enumerator
 *     Dir.foreach( dirname, encoding: enc )                        -> an_enumerator
 *
 *  Calls the block once for each entry in the named directory, passing
 *  the filename of each entry as a parameter to the block.
 *
 *  If no block is given, an enumerator is returned instead.
 *
 *     Dir.foreach("testdir") {|x| puts "Got #{x}" }
 *
 *  <em>produces:</em>
 *
 *     Got .
 *     Got ..
 *     Got config.h
 *     Got main.rb
 *
 */
static VALUE
dir_foreach(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE io)
{
    VALUE dir;

    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(io, argc, argv);
    dir = dir_open_dir(argc, argv);
    rb_ensure(dir_each, dir, dir_close, dir);
    return Qnil;
}

static VALUE
dir_collect(VALUE dir)
{
    VALUE ary = rb_ary_new();
    dir_each_entry(dir, rb_ary_push, ary, FALSE);
    return ary;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     Dir.entries( dirname )                -> array
 *     Dir.entries( dirname, encoding: enc ) -> array
 *
 *  Returns an array containing all of the filenames in the given
 *  directory. Will raise a <code>SystemCallError</code> if the named
 *  directory doesn't exist.
 *
 *  The optional <i>encoding</i> keyword argument specifies the encoding of the
 *  directory. If not specified, the filesystem encoding is used.
 *
 *     Dir.entries("testdir")   #=> [".", "..", "config.h", "main.rb"]
 *
 */
static VALUE
dir_entries(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE io)
{
    VALUE dir;

    dir = dir_open_dir(argc, argv);
    return rb_ensure(dir_collect, dir, dir_close, dir);
}

static VALUE
dir_each_child(VALUE dir)
{
    return dir_each_entry(dir, dir_yield, Qnil, TRUE);
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     Dir.each_child( dirname ) {| filename | block }                 -> nil
 *     Dir.each_child( dirname, encoding: enc ) {| filename | block }  -> nil
 *     Dir.each_child( dirname )                                       -> an_enumerator
 *     Dir.each_child( dirname, encoding: enc )                        -> an_enumerator
 *
 *  Calls the block once for each entry except for "." and ".." in the
 *  named directory, passing the filename of each entry as a parameter
 *  to the block.
 *
 *  If no block is given, an enumerator is returned instead.
 *
 *     Dir.each_child("testdir") {|x| puts "Got #{x}" }
 *
 *  <em>produces:</em>
 *
 *     Got config.h
 *     Got main.rb
 *
 */
static VALUE
dir_s_each_child(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE io)
{
    VALUE dir;

    RETURN_ENUMERATOR(io, argc, argv);
    dir = dir_open_dir(argc, argv);
    rb_ensure(dir_each_child, dir, dir_close, dir);
    return Qnil;
}

static VALUE
dir_collect_children(VALUE dir)
{
    VALUE ary = rb_ary_new();
    dir_each_entry(dir, rb_ary_push, ary, TRUE);
    return ary;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     Dir.children( dirname )                -> array
 *     Dir.children( dirname, encoding: enc ) -> array
 *
 *  Returns an array containing all of the filenames except for "."
 *  and ".." in the given directory. Will raise a
 *  <code>SystemCallError</code> if the named directory doesn't exist.
 *
 *  The optional <i>encoding</i> keyword argument specifies the encoding of the
 *  directory. If not specified, the filesystem encoding is used.
 *
 *     Dir.children("testdir")   #=> ["config.h", "main.rb"]
 *
 */
static VALUE
dir_s_children(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE io)
{
    VALUE dir;

    dir = dir_open_dir(argc, argv);
    return rb_ensure(dir_collect_children, dir, dir_close, dir);
}

static int
fnmatch_brace(const char *pattern, VALUE val, void *enc)
{
    struct brace_args *arg = (struct brace_args *)val;
    VALUE path = arg->value;
    rb_encoding *enc_pattern = enc;
    rb_encoding *enc_path = rb_enc_get(path);

    if (enc_pattern != enc_path) {
        if (!rb_enc_asciicompat(enc_pattern))
            return FNM_NOMATCH;
        if (!rb_enc_asciicompat(enc_path))
            return FNM_NOMATCH;
        if (!rb_enc_str_asciionly_p(path)) {
            int cr = ENC_CODERANGE_7BIT;
            long len = strlen(pattern);
            if (rb_str_coderange_scan_restartable(pattern, pattern + len,
                                                  enc_pattern, &cr) != len)
                return FNM_NOMATCH;
            if (cr != ENC_CODERANGE_7BIT)
                return FNM_NOMATCH;
        }
    }
    return (fnmatch(pattern, enc, RSTRING_PTR(path), arg->flags) == 0);
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     File.fnmatch( pattern, path, [flags] ) -> (true or false)
 *     File.fnmatch?( pattern, path, [flags] ) -> (true or false)
 *
 *  Returns true if +path+ matches against +pattern+.  The pattern is not a
 *  regular expression; instead it follows rules similar to shell filename
 *  globbing.  It may contain the following metacharacters:
 *
 *  <code>*</code>::
 *    Matches any file. Can be restricted by other values in the glob.
 *    Equivalent to <code>/ .* /x</code> in regexp.
 *
 *    <code>*</code>::    Matches all files regular files
 *    <code>c*</code>::   Matches all files beginning with <code>c</code>
 *    <code>*c</code>::   Matches all files ending with <code>c</code>
 *    <code>\*c*</code>:: Matches all files that have <code>c</code> in them
 *                        (including at the beginning or end).
 *
 *    To match hidden files (that start with a <code>.</code> set the
 *    File::FNM_DOTMATCH flag.
 *
 *  <code>**</code>::
 *    Matches directories recursively or files expansively.
 *
 *  <code>?</code>::
 *    Matches any one character. Equivalent to <code>/.{1}/</code> in regexp.
 *
 *  <code>[set]</code>::
 *    Matches any one character in +set+.  Behaves exactly like character sets
 *    in Regexp, including set negation (<code>[^a-z]</code>).
 *
 *  <code> \ </code>::
 *    Escapes the next metacharacter.
 *
 *  <code>{a,b}</code>::
 *    Matches pattern a and pattern b if File::FNM_EXTGLOB flag is enabled.
 *    Behaves like a Regexp union (<code>(?:a|b)</code>).
 *
 *  +flags+ is a bitwise OR of the <code>FNM_XXX</code> constants. The same
 *  glob pattern and flags are used by Dir::glob.
 *
 *  Examples:
 *
 *     File.fnmatch('cat',       'cat')        #=> true  # match entire string
 *     File.fnmatch('cat',       'category')   #=> false # only match partial string
 *
 *     File.fnmatch('c{at,ub}s', 'cats')                    #=> false # { } isn't supported by default
 *     File.fnmatch('c{at,ub}s', 'cats', File::FNM_EXTGLOB) #=> true  # { } is supported on FNM_EXTGLOB
 *
 *     File.fnmatch('c?t',     'cat')          #=> true  # '?' match only 1 character
 *     File.fnmatch('c??t',    'cat')          #=> false # ditto
 *     File.fnmatch('c*',      'cats')         #=> true  # '*' match 0 or more characters
 *     File.fnmatch('c*t',     'c/a/b/t')      #=> true  # ditto
 *     File.fnmatch('ca[a-z]', 'cat')          #=> true  # inclusive bracket expression
 *     File.fnmatch('ca[^t]',  'cat')          #=> false # exclusive bracket expression ('^' or '!')
 *
 *     File.fnmatch('cat', 'CAT')                     #=> false # case sensitive
 *     File.fnmatch('cat', 'CAT', File::FNM_CASEFOLD) #=> true  # case insensitive
 *
 *     File.fnmatch('?',   '/', File::FNM_PATHNAME)  #=> false # wildcard doesn't match '/' on FNM_PATHNAME
 *     File.fnmatch('*',   '/', File::FNM_PATHNAME)  #=> false # ditto
 *     File.fnmatch('[/]', '/', File::FNM_PATHNAME)  #=> false # ditto
 *
 *     File.fnmatch('\?',   '?')                       #=> true  # escaped wildcard becomes ordinary
 *     File.fnmatch('\a',   'a')                       #=> true  # escaped ordinary remains ordinary
 *     File.fnmatch('\a',   '\a', File::FNM_NOESCAPE)  #=> true  # FNM_NOESCAPE makes '\' ordinary
 *     File.fnmatch('[\?]', '?')                       #=> true  # can escape inside bracket expression
 *
 *     File.fnmatch('*',   '.profile')                      #=> false # wildcard doesn't match leading
 *     File.fnmatch('*',   '.profile', File::FNM_DOTMATCH)  #=> true  # period by default.
 *     File.fnmatch('.*',  '.profile')                      #=> true
 *
 *     rbfiles = '**' '/' '*.rb' # you don't have to do like this. just write in single string.
 *     File.fnmatch(rbfiles, 'main.rb')                    #=> false
 *     File.fnmatch(rbfiles, './main.rb')                  #=> false
 *     File.fnmatch(rbfiles, 'lib/song.rb')                #=> true
 *     File.fnmatch('**.rb', 'main.rb')                    #=> true
 *     File.fnmatch('**.rb', './main.rb')                  #=> false
 *     File.fnmatch('**.rb', 'lib/song.rb')                #=> true
 *     File.fnmatch('*',           'dave/.profile')                      #=> true
 *
 *     pattern = '*' '/' '*'
 *     File.fnmatch(pattern, 'dave/.profile', File::FNM_PATHNAME)  #=> false
 *     File.fnmatch(pattern, 'dave/.profile', File::FNM_PATHNAME | File::FNM_DOTMATCH) #=> true
 *
 *     pattern = '**' '/' 'foo'
 *     File.fnmatch(pattern, 'a/b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME)     #=> true
 *     File.fnmatch(pattern, '/a/b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME)    #=> true
 *     File.fnmatch(pattern, 'c:/a/b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME)  #=> true
 *     File.fnmatch(pattern, 'a/.b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME)    #=> false
 *     File.fnmatch(pattern, 'a/.b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME | File::FNM_DOTMATCH) #=> true
 */
static VALUE
file_s_fnmatch(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
{
    VALUE pattern, path;
    VALUE rflags;
    int flags;

    if (rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "21", &pattern, &path, &rflags) == 3)
        flags = NUM2INT(rflags);
    else
        flags = 0;

    StringValue(pattern);
    FilePathStringValue(path);

    if (flags & FNM_EXTGLOB) {
        struct brace_args args;

        args.value = path;
        args.flags = flags;
        if (ruby_brace_expand(RSTRING_PTR(pattern), flags, fnmatch_brace,
                              (VALUE)&args, rb_enc_get(pattern), pattern) > 0)
            return Qtrue;
    }
    else {
        rb_encoding *enc = rb_enc_compatible(pattern, path);
        if (!enc) return Qfalse;
        if (fnmatch(RSTRING_PTR(pattern), enc, RSTRING_PTR(path), flags) == 0)
            return Qtrue;
    }
    RB_GC_GUARD(pattern);

    return Qfalse;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *    Dir.home()       -> "/home/me"
 *    Dir.home("root") -> "/root"
 *
 *  Returns the home directory of the current user or the named user
 *  if given.
 */
static VALUE
dir_s_home(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE obj)
{
    VALUE user;
    const char *u = 0;

    rb_check_arity(argc, 0, 1);
    user = (argc > 0) ? argv[0] : Qnil;
    if (!NIL_P(user)) {
        SafeStringValue(user);
        rb_must_asciicompat(user);
        u = StringValueCStr(user);
        if (*u) {
            return rb_home_dir_of(user, rb_str_new(0, 0));
        }
    }
    return rb_default_home_dir(rb_str_new(0, 0));

}

#if 0
/*
 * call-seq:
 *   Dir.exist?(file_name)   ->  true or false
 *
 * Returns <code>true</code> if the named file is a directory,
 * <code>false</code> otherwise.
 *
 */
VALUE
rb_file_directory_p(void)
{
}
#endif

/*
 * call-seq:
 *   Dir.exists?(file_name)  ->  true or false
 *
 * Deprecated method. Don't use.
 */
static VALUE
rb_dir_exists_p(VALUE obj, VALUE fname)
{
    rb_warning("Dir.exists? is a deprecated name, use Dir.exist? instead");
    return rb_file_directory_p(obj, fname);
}

static void *
gc_for_fd_with_gvl(void *ptr)
{
    int *e = ptr;

    return (void *)(rb_gc_for_fd(*e) ? Qtrue : Qfalse);
}

static void *
nogvl_dir_empty_p(void *ptr)
{
    const char *path = ptr;
    DIR *dir = opendir(path);
    struct dirent *dp;
    VALUE result = Qtrue;

    if (!dir) {
        int e = errno;
        switch ((int)(VALUE)rb_thread_call_with_gvl(gc_for_fd_with_gvl, &e)) {
          default:
            dir = opendir(path);
            if (dir) break;
            e = errno;
            /* fall through */
          case 0:
            if (e == ENOTDIR) return (void *)Qfalse;
            errno = e; /* for rb_sys_fail_path */
            return (void *)Qundef;
        }
    }
    while ((dp = READDIR(dir, NULL)) != NULL) {
        if (!to_be_skipped(dp)) {
            result = Qfalse;
            break;
        }
    }
    closedir(dir);
    return (void *)result;
}

/*
 * call-seq:
 *   Dir.empty?(path_name)  ->  true or false
 *
 * Returns <code>true</code> if the named file is an empty directory,
 * <code>false</code> if it is not a directory or non-empty.
 */
static VALUE
rb_dir_s_empty_p(VALUE obj, VALUE dirname)
{
    VALUE result, orig;
    const char *path;
    enum {false_on_notdir = 1};

    GlobPathValue(dirname, FALSE);
    orig = rb_str_dup_frozen(dirname);
    dirname = rb_str_encode_ospath(dirname);
    dirname = rb_str_dup_frozen(dirname);
    path = RSTRING_PTR(dirname);

#if defined HAVE_GETATTRLIST && defined ATTR_DIR_ENTRYCOUNT
    {
        u_int32_t attrbuf[SIZEUP32(fsobj_tag_t)];
        struct attrlist al = {ATTR_BIT_MAP_COUNT, 0, ATTR_CMN_OBJTAG,};
        if (getattrlist(path, &al, attrbuf, sizeof(attrbuf), 0) != 0)
            rb_sys_fail_path(orig);
        if (*(const fsobj_tag_t *)(attrbuf+1) == VT_HFS) {
            al.commonattr = 0;
            al.dirattr = ATTR_DIR_ENTRYCOUNT;
            if (getattrlist(path, &al, attrbuf, sizeof(attrbuf), 0) == 0) {
                if (attrbuf[0] >= 2 * sizeof(u_int32_t))
                    return attrbuf[1] ? Qfalse : Qtrue;
                if (false_on_notdir) return Qfalse;
            }
            rb_sys_fail_path(orig);
        }
    }
#endif

    result = (VALUE)rb_thread_call_without_gvl(nogvl_dir_empty_p, (void *)path,
                                            RUBY_UBF_IO, 0);
    if (result == Qundef) {
        rb_sys_fail_path(orig);
    }
    return result;
}

/*
 *  Objects of class <code>Dir</code> are directory streams representing
 *  directories in the underlying file system. They provide a variety of
 *  ways to list directories and their contents. See also
 *  <code>File</code>.
 *
 *  The directory used in these examples contains the two regular files
 *  (<code>config.h</code> and <code>main.rb</code>), the parent
 *  directory (<code>..</code>), and the directory itself
 *  (<code>.</code>).
 */
void
Init_Dir(void)
{
    rb_cDir = rb_define_class("Dir", rb_cObject);

    rb_include_module(rb_cDir, rb_mEnumerable);

    rb_define_alloc_func(rb_cDir, dir_s_alloc);
    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir, "open", dir_s_open, -1);
    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir, "foreach", dir_foreach, -1);
    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir, "entries", dir_entries, -1);
    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir, "each_child", dir_s_each_child, -1);
    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir, "children", dir_s_children, -1);

    rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"initialize", dir_initialize, -1);
    rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"fileno", dir_fileno, 0);
    rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"path", dir_path, 0);
    rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"to_path", dir_path, 0);
    rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"inspect", dir_inspect, 0);
    rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"read", dir_read, 0);
    rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"each", dir_each, 0);
    rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"rewind", dir_rewind, 0);
    rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"tell", dir_tell, 0);
    rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"seek", dir_seek, 1);
    rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"pos", dir_tell, 0);
    rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"pos=", dir_set_pos, 1);
    rb_define_method(rb_cDir,"close", dir_close, 0);

    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir,"chdir", dir_s_chdir, -1);
    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir,"getwd", dir_s_getwd, 0);
    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir,"pwd", dir_s_getwd, 0);
    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir,"chroot", dir_s_chroot, 1);
    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir,"mkdir", dir_s_mkdir, -1);
    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir,"rmdir", dir_s_rmdir, 1);
    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir,"delete", dir_s_rmdir, 1);
    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir,"unlink", dir_s_rmdir, 1);
    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir,"home", dir_s_home, -1);

    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir,"glob", dir_s_glob, -1);
    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir,"[]", dir_s_aref, -1);
    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir,"exist?", rb_file_directory_p, 1);
    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir,"exists?", rb_dir_exists_p, 1);
    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cDir,"empty?", rb_dir_s_empty_p, 1);

    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cFile,"fnmatch", file_s_fnmatch, -1);
    rb_define_singleton_method(rb_cFile,"fnmatch?", file_s_fnmatch, -1);

    /*  Document-const: File::Constants::FNM_NOESCAPE
     *
     *  Disables escapes in File.fnmatch and Dir.glob patterns
     */
    rb_file_const("FNM_NOESCAPE", INT2FIX(FNM_NOESCAPE));

    /*  Document-const: File::Constants::FNM_PATHNAME
     *
     *  Wildcards in File.fnmatch and Dir.glob patterns do not match directory
     *  separators
     */
    rb_file_const("FNM_PATHNAME", INT2FIX(FNM_PATHNAME));

    /*  Document-const: File::Constants::FNM_DOTMATCH
     *
     *  The '*' wildcard matches filenames starting with "." in File.fnmatch
     *  and Dir.glob patterns
     */
    rb_file_const("FNM_DOTMATCH", INT2FIX(FNM_DOTMATCH));

    /*  Document-const: File::Constants::FNM_CASEFOLD
     *
     *  Makes File.fnmatch patterns case insensitive (but not Dir.glob
     *  patterns).
     */
    rb_file_const("FNM_CASEFOLD", INT2FIX(FNM_CASEFOLD));

    /*  Document-const: File::Constants::FNM_EXTGLOB
     *
     *  Allows file globbing through "{a,b}" in File.fnmatch patterns.
     */
    rb_file_const("FNM_EXTGLOB", INT2FIX(FNM_EXTGLOB));

    /*  Document-const: File::Constants::FNM_SYSCASE
     *
     *  System default case insensitiveness, equals to FNM_CASEFOLD or
     *  0.
     */
    rb_file_const("FNM_SYSCASE", INT2FIX(FNM_SYSCASE));

    /*  Document-const: File::Constants::FNM_SHORTNAME
     *
     *  Makes patterns to match short names if existing.  Valid only
     *  on Microsoft Windows.
     */
    rb_file_const("FNM_SHORTNAME", INT2FIX(FNM_SHORTNAME));
}